HIERARCHY OF DATA
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| Hierarchy Of Data |
Data is organized in a hierarchy that begins with the smallest to the largest unit of data, as it progresses up the hierarchy.
Together, bits, bytes, fields, records, files and database form the hierarchy of data.
BIT, BYTE, FIELD, RECORD AND FILE
The bit
is represented by 0 for OFF or 1 for ON. It is a binary digit. It is
the smallest unit of data the computer can store in a database.
A byte is a collection of bits. Each byte consists of eight bits. Each byte represents a character.
For example : The letter S is made up of 0101 0011
A field is a unit of data consisting of one or more characters (bytes).
A field is the smallest unit of meaningful information in the database. Each field has a field name.
The
field name describes the data that should be entered into the field,
such as StudentID (Student ID), Name, Address and MyKad Number.
A record is a collection of related fields.
Example : Each record stores data about a students.
For example, a student record is a collection of fields about a student.
Database
Database
is structured collection of information on specific subjects. We can
think of a database as an electronic filing system.
An example of the database is a telephone book which contains records of names, addresses and contact numbers.
A database allows its contents to be easily accessed, updated, stored and retrieved.
A database is an organized collection of data,
today typically in digital form. The data are typically organized to
model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of
books in bookstores), in a way that supports processes requiring this
information (for example, finding a book with prices).
The term database is correctly applied to the data and their supporting data structures, and not to the database management system (DBMS). The database data collection with DBMS is called a database system.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
A Database management System is a program that accesses information from a database.
A Database Management System provides an interface between the database and the user.
A Database management System enables you to extract, modify and store information from a database.
Well known DBMSs include Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite. A database is not generally portable across different DBMS, but different DBMSs can inter-operate to some degree by using standards like SQL and ODBC together to support a single application. A DBMS also needs to provide effective run-time execution to properly support (e.g., in terms of performance, availability, and security) as many end-users as needed.
A way to classify databases involves the type of their contents, for example: bibliographic,
document-text, statistical, or multimedia objects. Another way is by
their application area, for example: accounting, music compositions,
movies, banking, manufacturing, or insurance.
The term database may be narrowed to specify particular
aspects of organized collection of data and may refer to the logical
database, to the physical database as data content in computer data storage or to many other database sub-definitions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database
Types of Information Systems
5C class, please do these as your homework..
P/s: Pass up your book next week ok...(Tuesday:10th July)
1. Which of the following
can provide regular information about the daily activities of a
business to managers?
A. Expert System
B. Executive Information System
C. Transaction Processing System
D. Management Information System
2. Management Information
System is to help managers make the processes and
activities of a business to _____________.
A.
react to situations
B. run more efficiently
C. behave in a smooth way
D. operate at the highest cost
3. Management Information
System provides daily information of a business to
_______.
A. clerks
B. typists
C. operators
D. managers
4. Transaction Processing
System is used to __________ business transactions.
A. repeat
B. record
C. reprint
D. register
5. Transaction Processing System
A. maintains students’ database.
B. provides computer-based training.
C. handles distance learning program.
D. keeps track of daily transaction in a
database.
6. Which of the following
keeps track of daily transaction in a database?
A. Decision Support System
B. Executive Information System
C. Transaction Processing System
D. Management Information System
7. Decision Support System
is used to help managers ______________ in important
areas of business.
A. make right decisions
B. manage people in a company
C. receive payment over the Internet
D. call important people with the
telephone
8. Which of the following is
used when the manager needs information to make the best
decision?
A. Decision Support System
B.
Executive Information System
C. Transaction Processing System
D. Management Information System
9. Online banking is the
example of
A. Decision Support System
B. Executive Information System
C. Transaction Processing System
D. Management Information System
10. Q is used to help
managers record business transaction. "Q” is referred to
A. Expert System
B. Executive Information System
C. Transaction Processing System
D.
Management Information SystemP/s: Pass up your book next week ok...(Tuesday:10th July)
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